Table 7 Design principles emerging from the case study

I4.0 technological trends

Cloud integration of CPS and IIoT in I4.0

Real-time CPS and IIoT in I4.0

Autonomous cognitive decisions for CPS and IIoT in I4.0

Recovery plans for CPS and IIoT in I4.0

IIC2016

1. Cloud-computing platforms.

1. Adapt businesses and operational models in real time;

2. Customized product offers and marketing in real time.

1. Fully connected and automated production line;

2. Support highly automated and human operated environments.

Gap - disaster recovery mentioned, but not incorporated.

DCMS, 2016

1. Cloud technology skills;

2. Cloud computing technologies;

3. Cloud data centres;

4. Cloud-based software;

5. Cloud-based computing;

6. Cloud guidance.

1. Digital real-time and interoperable records;

2. Platform for real-time information.

1. UK Robotics and Autonomous Systems;

2. Support for robotics and artificial intelligence;

3. Encourage automation of industrial processes;

4. Active Cyber Defence.

Gap

IVI2017

1. Cloud enabled monitoring;

2. Integration framework in cloud computing.

Gap

1. Factory Automation Suppliers and IT vendors;

2. Utilisation of Robot Program Assets by CPS.s

Gap

Industrie 4.0

1. CPS automated systems;

2. Automated conservation of resources.

1. Cloud computing;

2. Cloud-based security networks.

1. Automated production;

2. Automated conservation of recourses.

Gap

NTI, 2015

Gap

Gap

1. Artificial intelligence and control systems

Gap