TKCA: a timely keystroke-based continuous user authentication with short keystroke sequence in uncontrolled settings

Cybersecurity

Table 8 The comparison of different biometrics-based continuous authentication

Biometrics	Study	Environment	Assign	Filter	Stability	Additional	Implementation	Application
			tasks	data		hardware	cost	scenarios
Keystroke	(Gunetti and Picardi 2005)	Uncontrolled	Yes	No	Medium	No	Cheap	Desktop Computers
dynamics	(Çeker and Upadhyaya 2016)	Uncontrolled	Yes	Yes
	(Huang et al. 2017)	Uncontrolled	No	No
	(Alshehri et al. 2017)	Uncontrolled	Yes	No
	(Ayotte et al. 2019)	Uncontrolled	No	No
	(Xiaofeng et al. 2019)	Uncontrolled	Yes	No
	This work etc.	Uncontrolled	No	No
Mouse	(Pusara and Brodley 2004)	Controlled	Yes	Yes	Medium	No	Cheap	Desktop Computers
dynamics	(Ahmed and Traore 2007)	Uncontrolled	No	Yes
	(Nakkabi et al. 2010)	Uncontrolled	No	No
	(Zheng et al. 2011)	Controlled	Yes	No
	(Feher et al. 2012)	Uncontrolled	No	Yes
	(Lin et al. 2012)	Uncontrolled	No	Yes
	(Mondal and Bours 2013)	Uncontrolled	No	No
	etc.
Pulse	(Rasmussen et al. 2014)	Controlled	No	No	High	Yes	Expensive	Desktop Computers
response	etc.
Eye	(Kinnunen et al. 2010)	Controlled	Yes	No	High	Yes	Expensive	Desktop Computers
movement	(Eberz et al. 2015)	Controlled	Yes	No
	(Eberz et al. 2016)	Controlled	Yes	No
	etc.
Touch	(Frank et al. 2012)	Controlled	Yes	No	Medium	No	Cheap	Portable devices
screen	(Cai et al. 2013)	Controlled	Yes	No
inputs	(Feng et al. 2014)	Uncontrolled	No	Yes
	(Buschek et al. 2015)	Controlled	Yes	No
	etc.
Gait	(Ailisto et al. 2005)	Uncontrolled	No	No	Medium	No	Cheap	Portable devices
pattern	(Rong et al. 2007)	Uncontrolled	No	No
	(Derawi et al. 2010)	Controlled	Yes	Yes
	etc.
Voice	(Feng et al. 2017)	Controlled	Yes	Yes	High	Yes	Expensive	Portable and IoT devices
	etc.