Unleashing the power of pseudo-code for binary code similarity analysis

Zhang, Weiwei; Xu, Zhengzi; Xiao, Yang; Xue, Yinxing

doi:10.1186/s42400-022-00121-0

Cybersecurity

Table 4 Function search results, using the Recall@1 metric

From: Unleashing the power of pseudo-code for binary code similarity analysis

Software	Tools	Compile		Optimization		Arch		Obfuscation
Software	Tools	Clang&Gcc	Clang& 7.0&4.0	O0&O3	O2&O3	X86&ARM	X86 32&64	BCF	SUB	CFF	ALL
libgmp -6.1.2	UPPC	0.944	1.000	0.968	1.000	0.936	0.990	0.804	1.000	0.873	0.836
libgmp -6.1.2	Asm2Vec	0.550	0.667	0.448	0.816	–	0.504	0.580	0.797	0.779	0.568
tar-1.30	UPPC	0.948	0.993	0.865	0.989	0.736	0.956	0.808	0.990	0.93	0.876
tar-1.30	Asm2Vec	0.850	0.585	0.258	0.726	–	0.496	0.476	0.557	0.501	0.355
gawk -4.2.1	UPPC	0.902	0.987	0.654	0.979	0.828	0.939	0.736	0.978	0.897	0.797
gawk -4.2.1	Asm2Vec	0.506	0.561	0.305	0.499	–	0.478	0.507	0.552	0.523	0.402
libunistring -0.9.10	UPPC	0.693	0.930	0.749	0.983	0.623	0.834	0.538	0.899	0.649	0.536
libunistring -0.9.10	Asm2Vec	0.233	0.302	0.137	0.335	–	0.250	0.228	0.302	0.229	0.177
gcal-4.1	UPPC	0.356	0.969	0.557	0.963	0.566	0.820	0.708	0.962	0.881	0.697
gcal-4.1	Asm2Vec	0.198	0.550	0.204	0.624	–	0.251	0.488	0.533	0.447	0.357
binutils -2.30	UPPC	0.893	0.999	0.739	0.975	0.768	0.927	0.679	0.983	0.879	0.788
binutils -2.30	Asm2Vec	0.710	0.756	0.369	0.683	–	0.651	0.665	0.735	0.669	0.465
xorriso -1.4.8	UPPC	0.828	0.993	0.682	0.963	0.808	0.914	0.641	0.957	0.797	0.690
xorriso -1.4.8	Asm2Vec	0.696	0.768	0.505	0.515	–	0.680	0.680	0.764	0.681	0.484
Average	UPPC	0.795	0.982	0.745	0.979	0.752	0.911	0.702	0.967	0.844	0.746
Average	Asm2Vec	0.535	0.598	0.318	0.600	–	0.473	0.518	0.607	0.547	0.401
Total Average	UPPC:0.842					Asm2Vec:0.510

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