Fig. 4
From: LayerCFL: an efficient federated learning with layer-wised clustering
Visualization of model distance matrix using weight calculations from VGG16 model’s different layers. Conv denotes the convolution layer, while FC denotes the fully connected layer. \(\cos\) and \(l_2\) represent the cosine distance and Euclidean distance, respectively, used for calculating the model distance. Lighter colors indicate greater similarity in data distribution between the two clients