Fig. 7From: LayerCFL: an efficient federated learning with layer-wised clusteringVisualize the change of Gap with the increase of data volume under fixed round. \(\Delta \cos {}\), \(l_2^p\), \(\Delta l_2^p\), \(\cos {}^p\) and \(\Delta \cos {}^p\) stand for the distance defined by Eqs. (6), (23), (24), (25), and (26)Back to article page