Table 4 Comparison of different acceleration schemes
References | Year | Algorithm-based optimization | Hardware-based optimization | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NTT | Bootstrapping | Encoding | CPU | GPU | FPGA | ASIC | Other | ||
Chen and Chillotti (2019) | 2019 | √ | √ | ||||||
Han and Ki (2020) | 2020 | √ | √ | ||||||
Bossuat et al. (2021) | 2021 | √ | √ | ||||||
Boemer et al. (2021) | 2021 | √ | |||||||
Ishimaki (2021) | 2021 | √ | |||||||
Inoue and Suzuki (2022) | 2022 | √ | |||||||
Jin et al. (2019) | 2019 | √ | √ | ||||||
Ahmad Al Badawi (2019) | 2019 | √ | |||||||
Lupascu (2019) | 2019 | √ | |||||||
Lei et al. (2019) | 2019 | √ | |||||||
Xia et al. (2019) | 2019 | √ | |||||||
Kim and Jung (2020) | 2020 | √ | |||||||
Morshed (2020) | 2020 | √ | |||||||
Ahmad Al Badawi (2020) | 2020 | √ | |||||||
Ahmad Al Badawi (2021) | 2021 | √ | |||||||
Pedro et al. (2021) | 2021 | √ | |||||||
Goey et al. (2021) | 2021 | √ | √ | ||||||
Jung et al. (2021) | 2021 | √ | |||||||
Jung and Kim (2021) | 2021 | √ | |||||||
Castro et al. (2021) | 2021 | √ | √ | ||||||
Özerk and Elgezen (2022) | 2022 | √ | |||||||
Türkoglu et al. (2022) | 2022 | √ | √ | ||||||
Shivdikar et al. (2022) | 2022 | √ | √ | ||||||
Shen et al. (2022) | 2022 | √ | |||||||
Sujoy Sinha Roy (2019) | 2019 | √ | √ | ||||||
Mert and Öztürk (2020) | 2020 | √ | √ | ||||||
Riazi et al. (2020) | 2020 | √ | √ | ||||||
Kim et al. (2020) | 2020 | √ | |||||||
Rashmi (2020) | 2020 | √ | √ | ||||||
Turan (2020) | 2020 | √ | |||||||
Serhan et al. (2021) | 2021 | √ | |||||||
Fadhli et al. (2021) | 2021 | √ | |||||||
Ye et al. (2021) | 2021 | √ | √ | ||||||
Xin and Zhao (2021) | 2021 | √ | |||||||
Syafalni et al. (2022) | 2022 | √ | |||||||
Yang et al. (2022a) | 2022 | √ | |||||||
Han et al. (2022) | 2022 | √ | |||||||
Agrawal et al. (2022) | 2022 | √ | |||||||
Ye and Kannan (2022) | 2022 | √ | |||||||
Yang et al. (2022b) | 2022 | √ | |||||||
Tan et al. (2021) | 2021 | √ | |||||||
Reagen et al. (2021) | 2021 | √ | |||||||
Samardzic et al. (2021) | 2021 | √ | |||||||
Kim and Kim (2022) | 2022 | √ | |||||||
Kim et al. (2022) | 2022 | √ | √ | ||||||
Samardzic et al. (2022) | 2022 | √ | |||||||
Geelen et al. (2022) | 2022 | √ | |||||||
Jiang et al. (2022) | 2022 | √ | |||||||
Ahmet Can Mert (2022) | 2022 | √ | |||||||
Reis et al. (2020) | 2020 | √ | |||||||
Gupta (2021) | 2021 | √ | |||||||
Gupta and Cammarota (2022) | 2022 | √ | |||||||
Chielle et al. (2022) | 2022 | √ | |||||||