Table 2 Security comparison of different white-box schemes
From: WAS: improved white-box cryptographic algorithm over AS iteration
Scheme | Key extraction | Code lifting | SCA | Differential analysis | Linear analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whitebox ASASA (Biryukov et al. 2014) | – | – | – | √ | √ |
SPACE-16 (Bogdanov and Isobe 2015) | √ | √ | – | √ | √ |
SPACE-24 (Bogdanov and Isobe 2015) | √ | √ | – | √ | √ |
Whiteblock-16 (Fouque et al. 2016) | √ | √ | – | – | – |
FPL-AES-128 (Kwon et al. 2020) | √ | √ | – | √ | √ |
WARX (Liu et al. 2022) | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ |
Yoroi-16 (Koike and Isobe 2021) | √ | √ | √ | – | – |
Yoroi-32 (Koike and Isobe 2021) | √ | √ | √ | – | – |
WAS | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ |